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Post Harvest Technology :: Agriculture :: Pulses
VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM PULSES
TOFU (SOY PANEER)  
  • Soyabean is soaked overnight in water, dehulled and ground to a fine paste with water (water to bean ratio of 10:1).
  • The milk is filtered, boiled and cooled.
  • A water suspension of powdered calcium sulphate is added (2.3kg/100 kg soyabean).
  • The proteins are precipitated as a thick curd.
  • The whey is drained of by transferring the materials to perforated aluminimum trays.
  • The curd is washed with water.
  • It is used in 2 to 3 days.
  • This can be used as a substitute for cottage cheese in cookery.
  • The quality of residue (Okara) obtained from dehulled soydhal is of superior quality compared to whole soyabean okara hence can be used for food applications.
  • To avoid setting up of the beany flavour even due to slight damage in dehulling it is advisable to dehull the soyabean just before the processing.

SOYA SAUCE

Soya sauce is made by months of fermentation. Soya sauce is prepared in a variety of forms and is produced from a long and complex fermentation with various fungi and bacteria. Soyabeans are cooked for 4 or 6 hours and cooled. They are then mixed with an equal quantity of roasted ground wheat and the mixture, under suitable conditions, is seeded with Aspergillus oryzae. After the initial fermentation, salt is added and the product is matured for 6 months to 3 years when further fermentation occurs. When ripening is complete, the product is strained. Soya sauce thus obtained contains 67 percent moisture and 5 to 6 per cent protein.

OTHER PREPARATIONS FROM SOYABEAN

http://www.asiarecipe.com/images/tempeh.jpgTempeh is prepared by cooking and skinning soyabeans inoculated with a little tempeh from the previous batch. The mixture is mashed and wrapped in banana leaves and allowed to ferment for 24 hours.

Natto is a Japanese product. The soyabeans are soaked in water cooked and inoculated with Bacillus subtilis or previously prepared Natto. They are then wrapped in barks of pines and are allowed to ferment under vacuum conditions at 40 for 20 hours.

Image:Natto dsc04765.jpgSoyabeans can be sprouted, wet ground and added to cereal flour for the preparation of dosa, dhokla after fermentation. Soyabean meat food science is involved in the making foods that look and taste like meat but are made from soyabean proteins. If soyabean proteins are dissolved in alkali they form a sticky liquid. This liquid may be extracted through tiny holes and then recoagulated in an acid bath in the form of fibres. The fibres then can be spun into ropes with texture approaching the fibres texture of chicken or beef muscle tissue. The fabricated tissue then can be interlaced with fast-food flavorings and food colours. Products are almost indistinguishable from chicken meat, fish, hen or beef. This soyabean meat like products can be used by vegetarians and for patients with special dietary restrictions such as controlled levels of fat. 
The following soy based products provide product variety for consumers.  These are nutritious and have very good acceptability.

   
 
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